Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by one or more manic episodes, often alternating with major depressive episodes or periods of euthymic mood. Manic episodes involve abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, impulsivity, and risk-taking behaviors lasting at least one week (or requiring hospitalization). Depressive episodes mirror those seen in Major Depressive Disorder. The primary treatment goal is mood stabilization—reducing episode frequency, intensity, and functional impairment through structured psychotherapy and coordinated medical management.
