Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is characterized by pervasive patterns of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), a constant need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Beneath this self-enhancing presentation often lies deep insecurity, fragile self-esteem, and sensitivity to perceived criticism or failure. Individuals with NPD may oscillate between self-importance and shame, struggle to maintain stable relationships, and experience intense anger or withdrawal when confronted with rejection or limits. Effective therapy focuses on building self-awareness, regulating affect, developing empathy, and integrating a more stable sense of self that is less dependent on external validation.