Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), formerly known as dysthymia, is characterized by a chronic depressed mood lasting for at least two years in adults (or one year in children and adolescents), accompanied by symptoms such as low energy, poor concentration, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and changes in sleep or appetite. Although the symptoms are often less severe than those seen in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), their chronic nature leads to significant distress and functional impairment. Many individuals experience periods of “double depression,” where major depressive episodes occur on top of a persistent low mood. Treatment emphasizes behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, and long-term skills to prevent relapse and improve quality of life.