Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents involves persistent sadness, irritability, or loss of interest, accompanied by changes in sleep, appetite, energy, concentration, or self-esteem. While core features mirror adult depression, younger individuals often show irritability rather than overt sadness, physical complaints, or academic decline. Depression in youth can significantly impair development, peer relationships, and identity formation. Treatment focuses on improving mood regulation, restoring functioning, and supporting family and school systems that influence recovery.
